国内页岩气开采技术进展

因页岩气开发具有资源潜力大、开采寿命长和生产周期长等优点,已成为当前能源研究的热点和突破口.自2009年以来,我国已在页岩气开发实验区钻井62口,其中24口井获得工业气流,这预示着国内页岩气资源开发全面铺开.页岩气储层与常规储层差异很大,必须采用先进技术,尤其是水平井钻井、完井及压裂技术,才能实现经济有效开发.介绍了国外页岩气开采技术以及国内近两年在页岩气钻井技术、钻井液技术、固井技术和压裂技术方面取得的经验,这些经验奠定了国内页岩气开发的技术基础.论述了页岩气开采面临的技术和环境问题,指出下一步页岩气技术发展方向.今后,需要结合国内页岩气藏特点,在借鉴国外新技术及国内经验基础上,通过工具研制、技术配套、方案优化,尽快完善适用于页岩气开发的水平井钻井技术；从流变性、封堵能力方面进一步完善油基钻井液体系,同时开展适用于页岩气水平井钻井的水基钻井液体系研究；针对页岩气水平井多采用油基钻井液的现状,进一步完善冲洗液、水泥浆体系及固井工艺技术.开发适合页岩气水平井多级压裂技术相关的井下工具、工作液和施工工艺,加强压裂裂缝动态监测,优化压裂设计.形成配套的钻井和压裂等作业过程中产生的废液、废水及废渣处理技术,重视贞岩气开采的环境污染评估,保证我国页岩气开发的健康发展.

The Progress of the Exploitation Technology of Shale Gas in China

Due to the shale gas development has great potential for resource exploitation of long life and long production cycle,it has become the hot spot and a breakthrough of the current energy research.Since 2009,China has drilled 62 wells in shale gas development experimental zone,in which 24 wells have industrial gas,this indicates that the development of the shale gas resources have been fully underway.The shale gas reservoir has great difference with the conventional reservoirs.In order to achieve economic development,advanced technologies should be developed： in particular,horizontal drilling,well completion and fracturing technology.Foreign shale gas exploitation technology and technology experience of the domestic shale gas drilling,drilling fluid,cementing and fracturing in the past two years are introduced,which lays the technical foundation of the domestic shale gas development.Technical and environmental issues of the exploitation of the shale gas are described.Next development orientation of the shale gas technology is pointed out.In the future,horizontal drilling technology applicable to the shale gas development should be improved through tools development,technical support and scheme optimization based on new technologies from abroad and domestic experience combined with the characteristics of domestic shale gas reservoirs.Oil-based drilling fluid system may be further improved at the point of rheological property and plugging capability.Water-based drilling fluid system applicable to the horizontal drilling of the shale gas should be researched at the same time.Irrigation fluid,slurry system and cementing technology should be perfect for more oil-based drilling fluids are applied in the shale gas horizontal wells.Downhole tools,working fluid and the construction process related to multi-stage fracturing technology for the horizontal wells of shale gas should be developed.Dynamic monitoring of the fracturing should be strengthened and fracturing design should be optimized.Supporting processing technology for liquid waste,waste water and waste residue generated from the process of drilling and fracturing may be developed.Healthy development of China′s shale gas development may be ensured by emphasis on environmental pollution assessment on shale gas exploitation.