Toroidal elastic stress fields for pressurized elbows and pipe bends

The zero order and first order stress fields are determined by toroidal elasticity methods for an elbow or pipe bend subjected to internal pressure. The methods of toroidal elasticity, first introduced in 1980 at London, England are here made explicit. These methods formed the basis for the numerical results presented in the earlier paper.

The problem considered in this paper is one of the more difficult of the ten unit problems for a pressurized elbow or curved pipe acted upon by end loads and seismic accelerations. All of these ten unit problems have now been solved. The present paper complements the earlier paper. The solution presented here was initially completed in 1978.