Thermal analysis and measurement of a solar pond prototype to study the non-convective zone salt gradient stability |
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| Authors: | Enrique Busquets Vinod Kumar Javier Motta Rene Chacon Huanmin Lu |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran;2. Division of Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;3. Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Iran Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran;5. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran;6. Department of Automotive and Marine Engineering Technology, College of Technological Studies, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Kuwait;1. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK;2. University of Thi-Qar, College of Science, Chemistry Department, Thi-Qar, Iraq;1. Laboratoire de recherche LSELM, Université Badji Mokhtar, BP 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria;2. Laboratoire de recherche LANOS, Université Badji Mokhtar, BP 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria;3. Secretariat, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;1. LNEG, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal;2. IDMEC/IST, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Solar ponds combine solar energy collection with long-term storage and can provide reliable thermal energy at temperature ranges from 50 to 90 °C. A solar pond consists of three distinct zones. The first zone, which is located at the top of the pond and contains the less dense saltwater mixture, is the absorption and transmission region, also known as the upper convective zone (UCZ). The second zone, which contains a variation of saltwater densities increasing with depth, is the gradient zone or non-convective zone (NCZ). The last zone is the storage zone or lower convective zone (LCZ). In this region, the density is uniform and near saturation. The stability of a solar pond prototype was experimentally performed. The setup is composed of an acrylic tube with a hot plate emulating the solar thermal energy input. A study of various salinity gradients was performed based on the Stability Margin Number (SMN) criterion, which is used to satisfy the dynamic stability criterion. It was observed that erosion of the NCZ was accelerated due to mass diffusion and convection in the LCZ. It can be determined that for this prototype the density of the NCZ is greatly affected as the SMN reaches 1.5. |
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