疏浚管道金属材料冲蚀磨损性能*

疏浚工程中，输送管道内壁面受到泥砂浆的持续冲刷，导致管道冲蚀磨损严重。为选择输合理的输送管道材质，以提高疏浚管道的抗冲蚀性能，降低其维修和更换频率，采用冲蚀试验与理论分析的方法，以常见管材Q235为参照对象，对比5种可用于制作耐磨排泥管道的耐磨金属材料的冲蚀性能，包括Cr15铸铁、Cr26铸铁、Fedur®40合金、中锰钢、信铬钢。根据材料表面扫描电镜(SEM)图像，分析不同冲蚀角度下材料磨损类型。结果表明：冲蚀磨损过程中，各耐磨金属材料同时承受多种磨损作用，合金材料中起支撑作用的软质组分容易因切削、塑性疲劳断裂等因素而被剥离，而较硬的碳化物等组分则在松动后容易被颗粒撞击脱落；除Q235外，其余材料的磨损率均随着冲蚀角度的增加而增大；信铬钢、Fedur®40合金在中、小冲蚀角度下的耐磨性能表现优秀，若价格与加工性能合适，建议选作疏浚管道金属材料。

Erosion Wear Properties of Metal Material in Dredging Piping

In dredging engineering,the inner faces of transporting pipes suffer continues scour of slurries,resulting in serious erosion and wear of the pipeline.In order to select the reasonable material of the transmission pipeline,so as to improve the erosion resistance of the dredged pipeline and reduce its maintenance and replacement frequency,taking the common piping material Q235 as the reference object,the erosion properties of five hard alloys that can be used for slurry piping were analyzed through erosion tests,including Cr15 cast iron,Cr26 cast iron,Fedur®40 alloy,medium manganese steel and XGG steel.According to the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the material surface,the wear types of materials at different erosion angles were analyzed.The results show that in the process of erosion wear,all wear-resistant metal materials bear multiple wear effects at the same time.The soft components supporting the alloy are easy to be stripped due to cutting,plastic fatigue fracture and other factors,while the components such as hard carbides are easy to be knocked off by particles after they become loose.The wear rate of all alloys,except Q235,increases with the increase of erosive angle.XGG steel and Fedur®40 alloy have excellent wear resistance under medium and small erosion angles.They are recommended as slurry piping material,if the price and processing properties is suitable.