Infrastructure Challenges Caused by Industrial Transformation to Achieve Greenhouse Gas Neutrality. Ammonia Production in the Antwerp-Rotterdam-Rhine-Ruhr Area |
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| Authors: | Florian Ausfelder Floris van de Beek Rajat Bhardwaj Frank Graf Frank Meinke-Hubeny Pieter Lodewijks Sabrina Alexandra Müller Monique Rijkers Diana Perez Sanchez Johannes Ruf |
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| Affiliation: | 1. DECHEMA Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e.V., Research and Project Coordination, Theodor-Heuss Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;2. TNO, Leeghwaterstraat 46, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands;3. DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut (EBI) des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT), Gastechnologie, Engler-Bunte-Ring 3, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;4. Vito, Energyville Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Several pathways for potentially greenhouse gas neutral production of ammonia have been investigated compared to today's conventional ammonia production at chemical sites in Antwerp, Dormagen, and Geleen. These pathways include on-site water electrolysis using grid electricity, off-site production via water electrolysis using renewable electricity and supply of green hydrogen to the site, pyrolysis of natural gas and conventional ammonia production coupled with CO2-capture on-site and transport to a storage site. All pathways effectively eliminate scope 1 emissions present in conventional production but continue to emit scope 2 emissions from grid electricity consumption. Eventually, a coordinated industry-wide and cross-industry effort is needed to address the transformational changes and develop the common cross-border infrastructures. |
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| Keywords: | Ammonia production Greenhouse gas emissions Hydrogen Industrial transformation Infrastructure |
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