<Emphasis Type="Italic">Nframe</Emphasis>: A privacy-preserving with non-frameability handover authentication protocol based on (<Emphasis Type="Italic">t</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>) secret sharing for LTE/LTE-A networks

Seamless handover between the evolved universal terrestrial radio access network and other access networks is highly desirable to mobile equipments in the long term evolution (LTE) or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) networks, but ensuring security and efficiency of this process is challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel privacy-preserving with non-frameability handover authentication protocol based on (t, n) secret sharing to fit in with all of the mobility scenarios in the LTE/LTE-A networks, which is called Nframe. To the best of our knowledge, Nframe is the first to support protecting users’ privacy with non-frameability in the handover process. Moreover, Nframe uses pairing-free identity based cryptographic method to secure handover process and to achieve high efficiency. The formal verification by the AVISPA tool shows that Nframe is secure against various malicious attacks and the simulation result indicates that it outperforms the existing schemes in terms of computation and communication cost.