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A vision of 14 T MR for fundamental and clinical science |
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| Authors: | Bates Steve Dumoulin Serge O Folkers Paul J M Formisano Elia Goebel Rainer Haghnejad Aidin Helmich Rick C Klomp Dennis van der Kolk Anja G Li Yi Nederveen Aart Norris David G Petridou Natalia Roell Stefan Scheenen Tom W J Schoonheim Menno M Voogt Ingmar Webb Andrew |
| Affiliation: | 1.Tesla Engineering Ltd., Water Lane, Storrington, West Sussex, RH20 3EA, UK ;2.Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ;3.Computational Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ;4.Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ;5.Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ;6.Philips, Best, The Netherlands ;7.Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands ;8.Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands ;9.Wavetronica, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands ;10.Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ;11.Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ;12.Radiology Department, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ;13.Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ;14.Independent Researcher, Magdeburg, Germany ;15.Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ;16.Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Zollverein, Kokereiallee 7, Building C84, 45141, Essen, Germany ;17.Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (CNPH), Faculty Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands ;18.Neoscan Solutions GmbH, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 6, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany ;19.Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Location VUmc, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ;20.Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter MRI Centre, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands ; |
| Abstract: | Objective We outline our vision for a 14 Tesla MR system. This comprises a novel whole-body magnet design utilizing high temperature superconductor; a console and associated electronic equipment; an optimized radiofrequency coil setup for proton measurement in the brain, which also has a local shim capability; and a high-performance gradient set. Research fieldsThe 14 Tesla system can be considered a ‘mesocope’: a device capable of measuring on biologically relevant scales. In neuroscience the increased spatial resolution will anatomically resolve all layers of the cortex, cerebellum, subcortical structures, and inner nuclei. Spectroscopic imaging will simultaneously measure excitatory and inhibitory activity, characterizing the excitation/inhibition balance of neural circuits. In medical research (including brain disorders) we will visualize fine-grained patterns of structural abnormalities and relate these changes to functional and molecular changes. The significantly increased spectral resolution will make it possible to detect (dynamic changes in) individual metabolites associated with pathological pathways including molecular interactions and dynamic disease processes. ConclusionsThe 14 Tesla system will offer new perspectives in neuroscience and fundamental research. We anticipate that this initiative will usher in a new era of ultra-high-field MR. |
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