Process Modeling and Control Simulation for a 500W@4.5K Helium Refrigerator |
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| Authors: | Xiaofei Lu Zhiwei Zhou Ming Zhuang Lilong Qiu |
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| Affiliation: | Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China;State Key Laboratory of Development and Application Technology of Automotive Steels Baosteel Group,Shanghai 201900,China,Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China;State Key Laboratory of Development and Application Technology of Automotive Steels Baosteel Group,Shanghai 201900,China,State Key Laboratory of Development and Application Technology of Automotive Steels Baosteel Group,Shanghai 201900,China,Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China and Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China |
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| Abstract: | Two kinds of low carbon bainitic steels, Nb-free Mo bearing and Nb + Mo addition steels, were cold rolled and annealed to investigate the effect of micro-alloying element Nb on the microstructure and properties of Mo microalloyed low carbon high strength bainitic steel. No precipitates were observed in Nb-free Mo bearing steel, whereas, two types of precipitates, i.e., Nb(C, N) and composite (Nb, Mo)(C, N), were observed in the Nb + Mo microalloyed steel, resulting in precipitation strengthening. The strength of Mo bearing steel was improved by addition of Nb under the same annealing conditions. The grain size of Nb addition steel was almost the same as Nb-free steel. Unlike the obvious grain refinement and precipitation strengthening in hot rolling, the increase in yield strength of Nb addition steels in cold rolling and annealing mainly results from the precipitation strengthening, while the effect of grain refinement strengthening can be almost ignored. |
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| Keywords: | recrystallization annealing low carbon bainitic steel Nb Mo cold rolling |
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