聚合物气凝胶研究进展

气凝胶是经溶胶-凝胶过程结合一定的干燥方法制备得到的多孔纳米材料。聚合物气凝胶不仅具有聚合物材料的低介电常数、良好力学性能和灵活的分子设计性等特性,同时还具有无机气凝胶材料低密度、高孔隙率和低热导率等特点,被广泛应用于隔热、吸附和储能等领域。从合成、结构、性能和应用等方面介绍了聚氨酯(PU)、聚脲(PUA)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚苯并噁嗪(PBZ)和间规聚苯乙烯(sPS)类等常见聚合物气凝胶的研究进展,并对其未来的发展方向做出了展望。

Advances in Polymer Aerogels

Aerogels are the nanoporous materials consisting of hierarchical 3D assemblies of nanoparticles, which are derived from sol-gel process combined with drying methods. Recently, polymer aerogels have been consi-dered as a candidate material in various fields such as thermal insulation, adsorption, energy storage due to the unique characteristics, including ultra-low thermal conductivity, ultralight density, high porosity, low dielectric constant, excellent mechanical behavior and flexible molecular designing. This paper gives a comprehensive review about the recent progresses in preparation, structures, properties and applications of some common varieties of polymer aerogels, including polyurethane (PU), polyurea (PUA), polyimide (PI), polybenzoxazine (PBZ) and syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) aerogels, as well as a brief prospect over the future research directions of this field.