A CMOS chopper amplifier

A highly sensitive CMOS chopper amplifier for low-frequency applications is described. It is realized with a second-order low-pass selective amplifier using a continuous-time filtering technique. The circuit has been integrated in a 3-/spl mu/m p-well CMOS technology. The chopper amplifier DC grain is 38 dB with a 200-Hz bandwidth. The equivalent input noise is 63 nV//spl radic/Hz and free from 1/f noise. The input offset is below 5 /spl mu/V for a tuning error less than 1%. The amplifier consumes only 34 /spl mu/W.