推力球轴承摩擦力矩特性研究

基于滚动轴承动力学理论，建立了推力球轴承动力学分析模型以及摩擦力矩数学模型，仿真分析了不同结构参数、工况参数对摩擦力矩特性的影响规律，并进行了对比验证。研究结果表明：自旋滑动产生的摩擦力矩约为推力球轴承总摩擦力矩的70%；从推力球轴承的设计角度，在保证保持架稳定性的前提下，可以适当增加钢球数和增大保持架兜孔间隙来减小轴承摩擦力矩，但钢球数对摩擦力矩的影响更为明显，且对轴承结构影响最小，应优先考虑；随着轴(座)圈沟曲率半径系数的增大，轴承摩擦力矩呈现指数形式减小，当轴(座)圈沟曲率半径系数达到0.56以后，轴(座)圈沟曲率半径系数的增大对轴承摩擦力矩影响很小，但考虑到推力球轴承的承载能力，轴(座)圈沟曲率半径系数应在0.56~0.58之间选取较为合适；从推力球轴承的使用角度，倾覆力矩、外载荷冲击量和轴承转速会对轴承的摩擦力矩产生显著影响，且外载荷冲击量的影响程度最大。

Friction Torque Characteristics of Thrust Ball Bearings

The dynamic analysis model and the mathematical model of the friction torque of thrust ball bearings are obtained based on the dynamic theory of rolling bearing. The effects of the structural parameters and operating conditions on the frictional torque of thrust ball bearings are analyzed and verified. The results show that the friction torque caused by spin-sliding is approximately 70% of the total friction torque of the thrust ball bearings. From the perspective of the design of the thrust ball bearings, the friction torque can be reduced by increasing the number of balls and the cage pocket clearance appropriately on the premise that the stability of the cage can be ensured. However, the priority should be given to the number of balls, which has more obvious effect on the friction torque and minimal influence on the bearing structure. With the increase in groove curvature radius coefficient of shaft (house) washer, the bearing friction torque decreases in exponential form. The groove curvature radius coefficient of shaft (house) washer has a little effect on the friction torque when its value is over 0.56. In consideration of the bearing carrying capacity, the groove curvature raidus coefficient of shaft (house) washer is better between 0.56 and 0.58. From the perspective of the use of the thrust ball bearings, the capsized moment, impact load and rotation speed have great effect on friction torque, but the influence of the impact load on it is the worst.