连续SiC纤维和SiCf/SiC复合材料的研究进展

连续SiC纤维最主要的制备方法是先驱体转化法, 目前已发展到第三代, 它主要作为SiC基复合材料(SiC_f/SiC)的增强体。SiC_f/SiC具有优异的耐高温、抗氧化和高温抗蠕变性, 及其在中子辐照条件下的低放射性, 成为高温、辐射等苛刻条件下结构部件的优先候选材料。本文首先对国内外SiC纤维的发展, 尤其是对第三代SiC纤维的不同制备思路和特征进行了介绍。然后, 对SiC_f/SiC制备工艺和性能的进展进行了综述, 突出了制备工艺创新与SiC纤维发展的关系。最后, 对近几年SiC_f/SiC在高性能航空发动机、聚变反应堆领域的应用进展进行了总结, 并对国内连续SiC纤维和SiC_f/SiC复合材料的发展进行了展望。

Research and Development of Continuous SiC Fibers and SiCf/SiC Composities

Polymer-derived method is the main preparation method for continuous SiC fiber. So far, three generations of SiC-based fibers have been developed. SiC fiber is mainly used as reinforcement for SiC matrix to prepare SiC_f/SiC composite, which exhibits excellent properties such as high-temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, high-temperature creep resistance, and neutron radiation stability. Therefore, it is considered as a promising preferred alternative material for structural components which works under harsh environments. In this review, the domestic and oversea development of the polymer-derived SiC fibers are introduced, in particular the different approaches for preparation and the characteristics of the 3^rd generation fibers. Then, the development of SiC_f/SiC preparation technology and properties are reviewed and the relationship between the innovation in fabrication of SiC_f/SiC composite and the development of SiC fiber is hightlighted. Finally, the application progress of SiC_f/SiC composite in high performance aero-engines and fusion power cores is summerized. Meanwhile, some perspectives on the development of domestic SiC fibers and SiC_f/SiC are also discussed.