季戊四醇磷酸酯/尿素改性酚醛泡沫的性能研究

以苯酚、甲醛为原料，尿素和季戊四醇磷酸酯（PEPA）为改性剂，制备了一系列的季戊四醇磷酸酯/尿素改性酚醛泡沫（PEPA/UMPF）. 利用热重分析、极限氧指数、扫描电镜和万能试验机对改性酚醛泡沫材料的结构和性能进行了测试和表征. 结果表明，PEPA/UMPF的热稳定性和阻燃性显著提高，仅仅加入质量分数1%的PEPA和尿素，氧指数值就增加了14%. 当加入质量分数5%的PEPA和尿素时，酚醛泡沫的压缩强度和冲击强度分别提高了0.09 MPa和0.53 kJ·m-2. 同时，改性泡沫的粉化率和吸水率下降，泡孔结构致密厚实并且分布均匀.

Properties of Phenolic Foam Modified by Pentaerythritol Phosphate /Urea

A series of pentaerythritol phosphate/urea modified phenolic foams （PEPA/UMPF） were prepared with phenol and formaldehyde as raw materials， urea and pentaerythritol phosphate （PEPA） as modifiers. The structure and properties of foams were tested and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis， limiting oxygen index （LOI）， scanning electron microscope and universal testing machine. The results show that the thermal stability and flame retardance of PEPA/UMPF increase significantly. The LOI of phenolic foam increases by 14% after only adding 1% of PEPA and urea. The compression strength and impact strength of phenolic foam with 5% of PEPA and urea increase by 0.09MPa and 0.53 kJ·m-2， respectively. Moreover， the chalking rate and water absorption of modified foams decrease， and the pore structures are dense and uniform.