汽车排放的发展对燃料质量及添加剂的影响

进入21世纪，石油工业面临的最大挑战是环保。2002年6月发表的世界燃料规范新的草案将汽油和柴油按满足排放分成4个等级。世界燃料规范认为，可以使用MTBE及乙醇增加辛烷值；燃料中的硫含量影响排放，因此提出超低硫甚至无硫；低硫柴油要加入润滑性改进剂；烯烃易结垢造成喷嘴堵塞，因此要加入适量清净剂；汽油要控制芳烃含量；柴油使用十六烷值改进剂要考虑本身的十六烷值指数。

Development Trend of Vehicle Exhaust Standard & Its Influence on Fuel Quality and Additives

Enter into 21 century the big challenge for Petroleum Industry is environment protection. Themajor Industry nation such as US, Europe and Japan suggest to implement more strict emission limit, but fuels and its additive will play an important role in this emission. June 2002 a new world fuel charter draft published by major OEM organization in the world . It stringent the fuel spec. and suggest four grade of gasoline and diesel fuels according to the needs of emission. The charter prefers to use ethanol and MTBE to increase octane number. Sulphur content in fuels is most important factor of the emission especially for the vehicle with catalyst converter. So it suggested to use ultra low sulphur or even sulphur free fuels. Ultra low sulphur diesel needs to add lubicity additive. Higher olefin content will cause fouling in the fuel system it needs to add detergent but higher content detergent will cause combustion chamber deposit. In order to control benzene emission the aromatic content in gasoline should be controlled. When use cetane number improver into diesel fuel the cetane number index of the basic diesel fuel should also take into account.