“承受横向工作载荷的螺栓联接”的解疑尝试

紧螺栓联接依靠接合面间的摩擦力来承受横向工作载荷的，只要摩擦力足够大，螺栓的载荷状态与承受工作载荷前相同。从以往的教学中发现，这些内容是机械设计基础中教师难以解释，而学生不宜理解的一个难点，文章通过引入三个力学模型，简洁、明了地解释了问题。

Illustration of the Difficult Problem of Tight Bolt Fastening Against the Horizontal Working Loads In Mechanical Design Theory

Tight bolt fastening supports the horizontal working loads by means of friction between the joint faces. With enough friction, the mechanical state of the bolt is the same with that without working loads. It is found from the previous experience that this point is hard to be interpreted by teachers and understood by students in the course of mechanical design theory. In this paper, three models are introduced to illustrate the problem concisely and clearly.