呼伦湖水生态环境遥感监测及其对气候变化的响应

以位于内蒙古的第一大湖-呼伦湖为研究对象，综合应用RS、GIS等现代分析技术手段，通过解译该区1973、1975、1986～2009年近36a的MSS、TM、ETM遥感影像，实现了呼伦湖湖泊水位、面积的遥感动态监测，并建立了关系模型：研究发现呼伦湖面积在1999年达到了1959年以来的最大水面面积2106．95km2后开始骤然下降到2009年的最低水面面积1813．69km2。以24．44km2／a的速度减少了293．26km2，水面面积比1999年最大面积时减少了近14％。水位高程自1999年的最高水位下降了3．94m，是呼伦湖平均水深（9m）的39．4％。收集、整理了呼伦湖及上游流域4个气象站点、3个水文站点近52a的气象、水文资料。分析了呼伦湖区域尺度内的水热状况变化，发现研究区域温度升高。降水呈波动性减少．并且在1999年后温度和降水的变率增大，是呼伦湖面积减小、水位下降的主要原因。最后．分析了气候变化对呼伦湖生态环境的影响效应。并建立了湖泊水位和降水、气温等气象因子以及径流量之间的关系模型．研究可为寒旱区湖泊水环境管理提供参考。

Remote Sensing Monitoring of the Water Ecological Environment and Its Response to Climate Change of Hulun Lake

Take The first Great Lakes in Inner Mongolia-Hulun as the research object,the integrated application of RS,GIS and other modern analytical techniques,interpret the area 1973,1975,1986~2009 nearly 36 years,MSS,TM and ETM remote sensingimages and remote sensing dynamic monitoring of the Hulun lake level,area,and the relational model;study found that the the Hulun area in 1999 reached the maximum surface area since 1959 after a sharp decline in 2106.95km2 to 2009minimum water surface area 1813.69km2.293.26km2,the surface area of nearly 14% less than the maximum area of 1999 to reduce the speed of 24.44km2/a.The water level elevation of the highest water level since 1999,fell by 3.94m,39.4% of the the the Hulun average water depth(9m).Collect,collate the four meteorological stations in Hulun and the upper basin,three hydrological stations in nearly 52 years of meteorological and hydrological data,Hulun regional scale hydrothermal conditions change,found the study area,temperature,precipitation fluctuating decrease and increase in 1999 temperature and precipitation variability,which is the the Hulun area is reduced,the water level dropped,the main reason.Finally,the analysis of the effects of climate change on the Hulun ecological environment,and the establishment of the relationship between the lake water level and meteorological factors such as precipitation,temperature and runoff model,the study may provide a reference for the Cold and Arid Regions lake water environmental management.