飞鸟与无人机目标雷达探测与识别技术进展与展望

飞鸟和无人机(UAVs)是典型的“低慢小”目标，具有低可观测性，对两者的有效监视和识别成为保障空中航路安全、城市安保等需求迫切需要解决的难题。飞鸟和无人机目标类型多、飞行高度低、机动性强、雷达散射截面积小，加之探测环境复杂，给目标探测带来极大困扰，已成为世界性难题。因此迫切需要研发“看得见(检测能力强)、辨得明(识别概率高)”的无人机、飞鸟等“低慢小”目标监视手段和技术，实现目标的精细化描述和识别。该文集中对近年来复杂场景下旋翼无人机和飞鸟目标检测与识别技术的研究进展进行了归纳总结，介绍了飞鸟和无人机探测的主要手段，从回波建模和微动特性认知、泛探模式下机动特征增强与提取、分布式多视角特征融合、运动轨迹差异、深度学习智能分类等方面给出了检测和识别的有效途径。最后，该文总结了现有研究存在的问题，对未来复杂场景下飞鸟和无人机目标检测与识别技术的发展进行了展望。 

Progress and Prospects of Radar Target Detection and Recognition Technology for Flying Birds and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (in English)

Flying birds and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are typical “low, slow, and small” targets with low observability. The need for effective monitoring and identification of these two targets has become urgent and must be solved to ensure the safety of air routes and urban areas. There are many types of flying birds and UAVs that are characterized by low flying heights, strong maneuverability, small radar cross-sectional areas, and complicated detection environments, which are posing great challenges in target detection worldwide. “Visible (high detection ability) and clear-cut (high recognition probability)” methods and technologies must be developed that can finely describe and recognize UAVs, flying birds, and “low-slow-small” targets. This paper reviews the recent progress in research on detection and recognition technologies for rotor UAVs and flying birds in complex scenes and discusses effective detection and recognition methods for the detection of birds and drones, including echo modeling and recognition of fretting characteristics, the enhancement and extraction of maneuvering features in ubiquitous observation mode, distributed multi-view features fusion, differences in motion trajectories, and intelligent classification via deep learning. Lastly, the problems of existing research approaches are summarized, and we consider the future development prospects of target detection and recognition technologies for flying birds and UAVs in complex scenarios.