Synthesis and characterization of phthalonitrile resins from ortho‐linked aromatic and heterocyclic monomers |
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| Authors: | Amir Badshah Michael R Kessler Zhou Heng Aurangzeb Hasan |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Quaid‐i‐Azam University, , Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, , Ames, Iowa, 50011 USA;3. University of Peshawar, Institute of Chemical Sciences, , Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;4. Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, , Beijing, 100190 PR, China;5. Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, , Lembah Pentai, Kuala Lumpur, 50603 Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | This article describes the synthesis and properties of phthalonitrile polymers prepared from three different ortho‐linked monomers, namely 2,2′‐bis(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl, 1,2‐bis(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy)benzene and 2,2′‐bis(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole. The resins exhibited a low complex viscosity, with a varying range of processing temperatures for all three systems. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the synthesized polymers exhibited high thermal and thermo‐oxidative stability. The high char yields, which ranged from 64 to 69% at 900 °C under nitrogen atmosphere, and the high glass transition temperatures of the polymers indicated a high crosslinking density in the network structure. Dynamic mechanical measurements demonstrated that the fully cured monomer 2,2′‐bis(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole exhibited no change in glass transition temperature or in storage modulus up to 500 °C. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry |
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| Keywords: | high‐temperature polymers dynamic mechanical properties processability glass transition temperature |
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