Synthesis and Sintering of Bi2Ti4O11

The conditions of Bi₂Ti₄O₁₁ formation are studied. It is shown that the process is diffusion-controlled and depends significantly on the heating rate. The optimal conditions for producing Bi₂Ti₄O₁₁ ceramics are determined. Cold pressing of Bi₂Ti₄O₁₁ ceramic powder at high pressures is shown to influence the unit-cell parameters and volume, positional parameters of Bi and Ti, and bond distances in the ferroelectric ceramics produced by subsequent sintering. The ferroelectric transition temperature decreases steadily with increasing densification pressure.