Determination of germanium and some other elements in hair, nail, and toenail from persons exposed and unexposed to germanium |
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| Authors: | H Morita S Shimomura K Okagawa S Saito C Sakigawa H Sato |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia;2. Kyrgyz State Medical Institute, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan;3. International School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan;4. Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia;1. Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran;4. Department of pharmacology, School of medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran;5. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;1. Qatar Environmental & Energy Research Institute (QEER), Doha, Qatar;2. Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar;3. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48103, MI, USA;1. Natural Heritage Department, National Museum of Natural History, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France;2. Mines Douai, Département Sciences de l''Atmosphère et Génie de l’Environnement, SAGE, F-59508, Douai, France;3. Université de Lille, F-59650, Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France;4. Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences – Paris, Plant-Environnement Interactions Team, Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne University, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France;5. Bordeaux INP, ENSEGID, 1 Allée Daguin, 33607, Pessac, France;6. ADEME (French Agency for Environment and Energy Management), Air quality department, 27 rue Louis Vicat, 75737, Paris Cedex 15, France;1. Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Physiology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;3. Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;1. Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran;3. Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Inductively coupled atomic emission spectrometry was used for the determination of germanium in hair, nail, and toenail. The levels of germanium in three individuals administered a high concentration of a germanium preparation daily for about 12-16 months were very high: 56.4-173.7; 5.4-35.0; and 14.0-15.8 micrograms g-1 in hair, nail, and toenail, respectively. The levels for normal or unexposed persons are very low and were not detected by the method. |
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