Methanation in a fluidized bed reactor with high initial CO partial pressure: Part I—Experimental investigation of hydrodynamics, mass transfer effects, and carbon deposition

An extensive experimental study on the methanation reaction was carried out in a gas–solid fluidized bed reactor at 320 °C with a stoichiometric ratio of H₂/CO=3. By means of spatially resolved measurements of the axial gas species concentration and temperatures along the fluid bed the effects of different catalyst loadings, gas velocities and dilution rates were observed and analyzed. By applying this technique, it was found that most of the reaction (CO and H₂ conversion) proceeds in the first 20 mm of the bed depending on the experimental conditions. For a few cases, the temperature increases by up to 80 °C from 320 to 400 °C within the first 3 mm of the bed. By increasing the inlet volume flow only by a factor of 1.4, the temperature hotspot diminishes and isothermal behavior develops. For all experiments, a CO conversion of practically 100% was achieved. The experimental data indicate that the dense phase of the fluidized bed is probed and that mass transfer between bubble and dense phase is dominating in the upper part of the bed. It could be shown that both hydrodynamic and chemical boundary conditions influence the methanation reaction inside the fluidized bed reactor.