Effect of spent grains on flow regime transition in bubble column

It is well known that two main flow regimes are present in bubble columns, being the evaluation of transition between homogeneous and heterogeneous regimes of crucial importance for reactor design. For air–water systems, several models have been satisfactorily proposed to explain this phenomenon. However when gas–liquid–solids systems are considered, solid particles influence on regime transition is not yet clear, in spite of the amount of research developed over the past years.The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of a specific solid phase – spent grains – on homogeneous regime stability and regime transition. Spent grains are cellulose-based particles that have been used to immobilize cells on biotechnology process. These particles are wettable and have a density close to water and its influence on bubble column reactors is particularly important in order to establish the limits were both regimes prevail.A cylindrical Plexiglax BC of 18 L volume was used with air, water and spent grains at different concentrations (0–20% (wt._{WET BASIS}/vol.)) as gas, liquid and solid phases. Regime transition was determined according to the drift-flux and slip speed concept.It was found that at studied concentrations of spent grains, critical gas hold-up decreases as solids concentration increases. At the highest solids concentration and lowest gas flow rates no fluidization of the solid phase was observed. It is believed that the critical hold-up decrease was mainly due to bubble coalescence, as larger bubbles were observed when heterogeneous regime was present. This coalescence may be caused by the non-uniform distribution of solid phase on the column and the interaction of spent grains with bubbles in the liquid–gas interface