能源产供系统之热利用准则

分析了终端用能的主体是低品位的热能，一次能源释放第一能量形态的主体是高品位的热能，提出了放热能源和释力能源的概念．以热力学第一和第二定律为基础，建立一次能源的最大利用价值模型，给出一次能源利用品质价值因子、终端用能投资利用价值因子及判别因子，并对多种方案进行评价．指出现代大能源系统存在问题的核心，是没有抓住以热为主体的合理转化与利用以及建在用户处的工业锅炉和热水锅炉没有进行能级梯级利用所带来的弊端，提出合理地转换与利用是一切能源产供系统合理利用能源的生命线．在此基础上，提出一次能源之热利用准则．最后建议。与时俱进，“大小结合，协调发展”实行“两条腿走路”，创建“以热利用为核心的一能多用、多能互补的具有中国特色的现代化分布式能源产供系统”．

Heat utilization standard in the energy production and supply system

Analyzes why the low - grade heat is the principal part of the terminal - purpose energy, and the high - grade heat is the principal part of the first energy form releasing by primary energy. Puts forward the concepts of the heat release energy and the force release energy. On the basis of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, builds the maximum utilization value model of the primay energy, gives utilization quality factor of the primary energy, the investment utilization factor of the terminal - purpose energy and the judgement factor, evalues many schemes. Puts porward the key problems existing in the modem big energy system are without reasonable transition and utilization for principal part of heat and without energy level grade utilization for the industiral boilers and hot water boilers established at outside customers. Puts forward reasonable heat transition and utilization is the lifeline of reasonable utilization of energy in all of the energy production and supply systems, taking this as basis puts forward heat utilization standard. At last, proposes that we should advance with the time, combines big with small, developes in phase, walks with two legs and creates a distributed energy production and supply systems with the Chinese characteristic.