Effect of Porcine Whole Blood Protein Hydrolysate on Slow-Twitch Muscle Fiber Expression and Mitochondrial Biogenesis via the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway |
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Authors: | Sun Woo Jin Gi Ho Lee Ji Yeon Kim Chae Yeon Kim Young Moo Choo Whajung Cho Eun Hee Han Yong Pil Hwang Yong An Kim Hye Gwang Jeong |
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Affiliation: | 1.Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.W.J.); (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (C.Y.K.); (Y.A.K.);2.Department of R&D, Jinju Bioindustry Foundation, Jinju 52839, Korea;3.R&D Institute, AMINOLAB Co., Ltd., Seoul 06774, Korea;4.Drug & Disease Target Research Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Korea;5.Fisheries Promotion Division, Mokpo 58613, Korea; |
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Abstract: | Skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue composed of a variety of functionally different fiber types. Slow-twitch type I muscle fibers are rich with mitochondria, and mitochondrial biogenesis promotes a shift towards more slow fibers. Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), regulates slow-twitch muscle fiber expression and mitochondrial function. The BCAA content is increased in porcine whole-blood protein hydrolysates (PWBPH) but the effect of PWBPH on muscle fiber type conversion is unknown. Supplementation with PWBPH (250 and 500 mg/kg for 5 weeks) increased time to exhaustion in the forced swimming test and the mass of the quadriceps femoris muscle but decreased the levels of blood markers of exercise-induced fatigue. PWBPH also promoted fast-twitch to slow-twitch muscle fiber conversion, elevated the levels of mitochondrial biogenesis markers (SIRT1, p-AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF1 and TFAM) and increased succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities in ICR mice. Similarly, PWBPH induced markers of slow-twitch muscle fibers and mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 myotubes. Moreover, AMPK and SIRT1 inhibition blocked the PWBPH-induced muscle fiber type conversion in C2C12 myotubes. These results indicate that PWBPH enhances exercise performance by promoting slow-twitch muscle fiber expression and mitochondrial function via the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. |
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Keywords: | porcine whole-blood protein hydrolysates branched-chain amino acid mitochondrial function slow-twitch muscle fibers |
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