A Review of the Common Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Therapeutic Approaches and the Potential Role of Nanotherapeutics |
| |
| Authors: | Richard N. L. Lamptey Bivek Chaulagain Riddhi Trivedi Avinash Gothwal Buddhadev Layek Jagdish Singh |
| |
| Affiliation: | Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA; (R.N.L.L.); (B.C.); (R.T.); (A.G.) |
| |
| Abstract: | Neurodegenerative disorders are primarily characterized by neuron loss. The most common neurodegenerative disorders include Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Although there are several medicines currently approved for managing neurodegenerative disorders, a large majority of them only help with associated symptoms. This lack of pathogenesis-targeting therapies is primarily due to the restrictive effects of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which keeps close to 99% of all “foreign substances” out of the brain. Since their discovery, nanoparticles have been successfully used for targeted delivery into many organs, including the brain. This review briefly describes the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and their current management approaches. We then highlight the major challenges of brain-drug delivery, followed by the role of nanotherapeutics for the diagnosis and treatment of various neurological disorders. |
| |
| Keywords: | nanoparticle, neurodegenerative disorder, neurogenesis, Alzheimer’ s disease, Parkinson’ s disease, blood– brain barrier, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
|
|
