金属矿绿色开采评价方法探讨

绿色开采是实现矿山可持续发展的重要措施,如何科学有效地评价金属矿绿色开采的水平,是当前需要解决的重要问题。为了找到合理适用的金属矿绿色开采评价方法,首先详细阐述了当前煤矿和金属矿等所使用的绿色开采评价方法及其适用情况,通过对比分析,得到5种适用于金属矿绿色开采评价的方法,分别是模糊综合评价法、可拓优度法、TOPSIS法、因子分析法和物元分析法;然后运用专家访谈法和灰色关联法,对以上5种评价方法进行了优先度排序。研究结果表明:TOPSIS法最适用于金属矿绿色开采评价,可以为今后的研究提供借鉴,能够为政府和企业提供管理建议。

Discussion on Evaluation Method of Green Mining in Metal Mines

The development of resources has caused various environmental problems.The implementation of green mining is an effective way to solve the contradiction between economic growth and environmental crisis.In order to avoid the damage to the ecological environment in the process of mineral resources development,the green mining method are adopted in many mines to achieve the purpose of sustainable development.At present,the green mining of domestic mines is still in its infancy. How to evaluate the level of green mining of metal mines scientifically and effectively and determine the evaluation method of green mining is an important problem to be solved at present. The purpose of this paper is to find a reasonable and suitable method for evaluating the green mining of metal mine.Determining the weight of each evaluation index is an essential step in the process of green mining evaluation. First of all,the relevant literature was summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used objective weighting,subjective weighting and combination weighting methods were analyzed. Among these weighting methods,the combination weighting method can not only objectively reflect the importance of each index,but also reflect the decision-maker’s subjective desire,and improve the scientific decision-making,which is recommended to use this weighting method in later research.Secondly,according to the existing research results and the characteristics of metal mining,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,extension optimization method,TOPSIS method,factor analysis method,matter-element analysis method and other evaluation methods suitable for green mining of metal mines were summarized. The applicability,evaluation steps,advantages and disadvantages were elaborated in detail.Researchers can choose different evaluation methods according to specific evaluation objects and characteristics.In order to determine the most suitable evaluation method,the above five evaluation methods were prioritized by using expert interview method and grey correlation method. The results show that TOPSIS method has the advantages of no strict requirements for indicators,flexible application,simple mathematical calculation andquantitative objective.Compared with other four methods,TOPSIS method has the highest priority that is the most suitable for green mining evaluation of metal mines. The research results of this paper can provide reference for future research and management suggestions for the government and enterprises.