我国大变形锚杆研究现状及发展趋势

系统地介绍了我国大变形锚杆的研发现状。通过总结分析现有锚杆设计方案,提出了基于作用机理的大变形锚杆类型划分建议;选取5种典型的设计方案解析了各类型大变形锚杆的优缺点;在此基础上,进一步总结了现有技术方案存在的主要问题,据此对大变形锚杆未来发展趋势提出了几点认识。研究认为:我国大变形锚杆可划分为结构型、材料本质型和其他类型三大类;结构型大变形锚杆包含摩擦型、剪切型和活塞型3个亚类;为进一步促进大变形锚杆的发展,针对结构型锚杆应进一步优化结构、优选锚杆材料、优化制造工艺并保证产品质量稳定性;加大新型杆体材料的开发与应用研究力度;发展具有监测功能的大变形锚杆,将监测技术与大变形锚杆设计相融合,拓展大变形锚杆的应用前景。

Research Status and Trends of Large Deformation Rock Bolts in China

The large deformation rock bolt overcomes the small deformation failure behavior of the traditional bolt,and can effectively solve the support and disaster prevention problems of the weak surrounding rock,the deep buried rheological rock and the rockburst area.It is a hot research topic in deep engineering technology.In order to summarize the research and development status of large deformation rock bolts in China,discuss the bottleneck problems faced by current research and development,grasp the possible trends of future development,and summarize the development process of large deformation rock bolts at China and abroad,the existing 50 typical designs in China were summarized and analyzed.The scheme proposed a type division suggestion based on the action mechanism;five typical schemes of different types were selected to further analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each type of large deformation rock bolts;on this basis,the main problems of the prior art scheme were discussed.Based on this,some understandings on future research and development trends were proposed.The research indicates that the large deformation bolts in China can be divided into 3 types,these are structural type,material intrinsic type and other type.Among them,the main feature of the structural type is that it contains a certain structure,which provides support resistance through sliding of the structure and coordinated deformation of the rock mass.The amount of deformation of the structure is the amount of stretching of the rock bolts.Such rock bolts can be subdivided into three sub-classes of friction type,shear type and piston type;the material type is to optimize the deformation characteristics of the material of the bolt by using the preferred anchor material or designing a certain structure.The yield strength and yield deformation are the support and ultimate deformation of the bolt;the structural type is the main solution in China,further optimizing the structure,optimizing the bolt material,improving the manufacturing process,and ensuring the product quality stability.For the research of material intrinsic bolt,it is important to focus on the development and application of new rod materials,such as negative Poisson’s ratio materials,which is also one of the most potential directions for the development of large-deformation anchors.The combination of deformation bolt technology and the development of large deformation anchors with monitoring function are conducive to the continuous monitoring of disturbance stress and convergence deformation of surrounding rock in the whole life cycle of underground engineering.It is one of the research directions worthy of attention in the future.