越南北部的漆器村

越南的先民们最初利用漆作为粘合材料来加工织篮、船只、武器以及各种工具与用具。后来人们将漆用于制作神像,漆的装饰功能日益得到扩展,并逐渐与其他不同的装饰工艺和材料相结合。越南漆工继而以漆艺髹饰各种建筑物,漆工的社会地位也得到了极大的提升。随着佛教在越南日渐流行,在李朝及陈朝时期以后越南漆艺更趋繁荣。至19世纪之时,在今天河内南门街一带形成了贩售越南漆器的贸易中心。其时许多来自越南北部的彰作村、洞金村、贝溪村以及常信县的河泰村等地的漆工也集中于此,接受漆艺制作委托。这些以漆器工艺为特色的乡村的形成及其漆工的出身均反映出越南北部的河西省是越南漆工艺以及漆工主要的来源地,而相关考古发掘又表明位于常信县的平望村曾是越南漆器工艺村中影响最大的一个漆艺重镇。

The Lacquer Villages in Northern Vietnam

Ancient Vietnamese first used resin of lacquer plants to glue and assemble appliances like baskets, boats, weapons and containers. Gradually, they used lacquer to decorate the products, such as worship products. Vietnamese lacquer technology became more developed and lacquered objects were considered to be extremely precious, like pearls, tortoise shells and rhinoceros horns. Lacquer craftsmen were recruited for decorating buildings. Lacquer craftsmen were respected in society. The lacquer craft in Vietnam flourished in Ly and Tran Dynasties, when the feudal state attached importance to Buddhism. There were shops selling lacquer objects in the 19th century in the Nam Ngu Ward. Most of lacquer craftsmen were people coming from the localities of Chuon Che, Dong Vang, Boi Khe and Ha Thai. This suggests that, from the ancient times Ha Tay Province was a central location for talented craftsmen. Archaeological findings again affirm that Ha Tay is the original land of the lacquer craft and Binh Vong Village in Thuong Tin District is one of the cradles of the lacquer craft.