鲍鱼腹足肌肉成分和组织微观结构的季节差异研究

本文测定了不同季节捕获的鲍鱼腹足肌肉的水分、蛋白质、多糖等基本成分,氨基酸组成以及肌肉组织微观结构。结果发现,12月份的鲍鱼腹足肌肉水分含量为75.05%,从冬季到夏季水分含量呈逐渐下降趋势,而多糖含量呈逐渐上升的趋势,蛋白含量为15.48%~17.77%。在任一季节捕获鲍鱼腹足的肌肉蛋白中,谷氨酸占比都是最高,精氨酸含量达到13%左右。根据氨基酸组成、十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和扫描电镜图谱,发现鲍鱼腹足肌肉的羟脯氨酸和副肌球蛋白含量在冬季和春季较高,且肌肉纤维结构致密,表明鲍鱼肌肉纤维疏密程度可能与胶原和副肌球蛋白含量有关。另一方面,利用冬季捕获的鲍鱼通过热风干燥制备成干鲍,其色泽参数a*值和b*值均最小。以上结果表明,12月~次年4月捕获的鲍鱼腹足肌肉基本成分、氨基酸组成和肌肉组织微观结构差异较小,这也为南日鲍的加工季节提供了参考。

Study on Seasonal Difference of Composition and Micro-structure of Abalone(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)Gastropod Muscle

The basic components including water,protein,carbohydrate,amino acid composition and microstructure structure of abalone gastropod muscle caught in different seasons were investigated. As a result,the moisture content of abalone gastropod muscle caught in December was 75.05%. When the capture season of abalone varied from winter to summer,the moisture content of abalone gastropod muscle decreased,while the polysaccharide content increased gradually. The protein content in the abalone gastropod muscle ranged from 15.48% to 17.77%. The glutamic acid content in the abalone gastropod muscle protein was the highest and the arginine content reached about 13%,irrespective of capture season. Based on the result of amino acid composition,sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and scanning electron microscope photograph,it was found that the hydroxyproline and paramyosin contents were higher in the abalone gastropod muscle in winter and spring,and the muscle fibers were dense. This suggested that the density of abalone muscle fibers might be related to the collagen content and paramyosin content. On the other hand,the color parameters including a* value and b* value of dried abalone muscle prepared by hot air drying were the lowest. It was concluded that there was a little difference in the basic components,amino acid composition and microstructure structure of abalone gastropod muscle between December and April of next year,which also provided a reference for the processing season of Nanri abalone.