19种不同产地核桃的营养成分及脂肪酸的分析比较研究

采用国家标准法,对广西和云南地区产的19种核桃样品进行果品质量、水分、灰分、总蛋白质、总脂肪、脂肪酸等各成分的含量进行测定分析。19种核桃样品的理化成分分析表明水分、灰分、蛋白质的含量均与其文献报道和国标规定的范围相符;除南丹中堡外,各品种的脂肪酸含量均大于65%,凤山顶猫最高。样品间出仁率的差异较为明显,凤山顶猫和云新核桃的总出油率最高。凤山顶猫的不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,金城紫的单一不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,云新核桃的多价不饱和脂肪最高。以核桃全果换算分析可知,不饱和脂肪酸含量在前三的品种为月里巴峨、凤山顶猫和云新;多价不饱和脂肪酸前三为云新、南丹中堡和凤山顶猫。ω6/ω3最低的前三位的样品为娘青、漾杂光明和龙佳。无论从核桃仁的脂肪酸含量分析排位,或核桃全果的脂肪酸含量分析排位,或是以ω6/ω3结合脂肪酸类型进行分析,均可作为筛选优良核桃品种的依据,可为广西和云南产核桃品种的筛选研究提供参考。

Analysis and Comparison of the Nutrients and Fatty Acids Components in 19 Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from Different Regions

The fruit quality,contents of moisture,ash,crude protein,crude fat,and fatty acid in 19 kinds of walnut samples from different regions belonging to Guangxi and Yunnan were analyzed by methods of the Chinese national standard.The results showed that the range of contents of moisture,ash,crude protein,and crude fat were consistent with other previous studies and the Chinese national standard,and significant differences were found in the protein contents among all samples.The crude fat content of all samples was higher than 65%,except for Nandan Zhongbao(NDZB),and that of Fengshan Dingmao(FSDM)was the highest.An obvious significant difference was found in kernel yield,and yield of crude fat of FSDM and Yunxin(YX)walnut was the highest.The highest content of unsaturated fatty acid(UFA),monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA),and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)was FSDM,Jinchengzi(JCZ),and YX,respectively.The top three varieties of unsaturated fatty acid content in whole walnut fruit were Yuelibae(YLBE),FSDM,and YX;polyunsaturated fatty acid was YX, NDZB, and FSDM. Regarding fatty acid ratio of ω6/ω3, Niangqing (NQ) Yangza Guangming (YZGM) and Longjia (LJ) were lower than that of the other samples. Thus, nutrient contents of 19 walnut samples from different regions of Guangxi and Yunnan were analyzed. The data obtained from fatty acid types in kernel or whole fruit, even or by ω6/ω3 plus with different fatty acid types, was beneficial to select good qualification from different walnut varieties in Guangxi and Yunnan.