骏枣精油的超临界CO2萃取工艺及其组成分析

以新疆骏枣为原料,采用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术对骏枣精油进行萃取分离,通过单因素和正交试验优化骏枣精油的萃取工艺,最后采用顶空-固相微萃取(headspace solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对骏枣精油成分进行分析。结果表明:超临界二氧化碳萃取骏枣精油最佳工艺为:乙醇作携带剂,萃取压力25 MPa,萃取温度32℃,夹带剂流速0.3 mL/min,萃取时间3 h,骏枣精油的萃取率可达1.224%。经GC-MS分析,共检出68种物质,结构推断59种,占总峰面积的91.737%,其中主要包括酸类、烷烃类、酮类、酯类以及少量的醛类、醇类等。各类物质中焦糖香味的麦芽醇和5-羟甲基糠醛,杏仁气味苯甲酸和糠醛以及奶香味的3-羟基-2-丁酮都可能是骏枣精油的主要香气成分。

Supercritical CO2Extraction Process and Composition Analysis of Jun Jujube Essential Oil

Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Junzao was taken as a raw material in this study,and its essential oil was extracted using the supercritical CO2 extraction technology. The extraction process of jujube essential oil was optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments. Finally,the components of jujube essential oil were analyzed using the technology of headspace solid phase microextraction(HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The results showed that the optimum process parameters for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of jujube essential oil are ethanol as a carrier,pressure 25 MPa,temperature 32 ℃,entrained flow rate 0.3 mL/min,and extraction time 3 h. The extraction rate of jujube essential oil was 1.224 %. A total of 68 components were detected by GC-MS,59 structural inferences,accounting for 91.737 % of the total peak area,which were classified by acids,alkanes,ketones,esters,aldehydes and alcohols. Among them,caramel-scented maltitol and 5-methyl furfural,almond-odour benzoic acid and furfural,and milky-scented 3-hydroxy-2-butanone might be the main aroma components of the jujube essential oil.