基于有限元分析的铝合金板料弯曲回弹的影响因素研究

铝合金材料的弯曲成形是飞机板材和型材零件常用的加工方式之一,在卸载过程中,由于板料的弹性回复,不可避免的会出现回弹现象,在实际加工中如何预测工件回弹后的形状,并对模具进行适当修正仍是一个比较难解决的问题。本文利用非线性有限元软件MARC对不同厚度的铝合金板材弯曲加工过程进行了模拟分析,给出了相对弯曲半径,弯曲中心角,及不同弯曲模式与回弹角度之间的关系,并与实验数据进行了比较。结果表明,有限元分析结果与实验结果比较吻合,有限元模拟能有效地分析和预测铝合金板料的弯曲回弹,为实际生产加工过程中工艺参数的选择提供有力的参考。

Study of the Influence Factors on Aluminum Alloy Bending Based on Finite Element Analysis

Bending of the aluminum alloy is one of the processes frequently applied during manufacture ofaircraft sheet metal and profile.The bending operation involves springback,which is defined as elastic recovery of the part during unloading.In manufacturing,it is still a practical problem to predict the final geometry of the part after springback and to design appropriate toolsin order to compensate for springback.In this study,3D finite-element analysis(FEA)software MARC is used to analyze bending and springback of different aluminum alloy materials of different thickness.The amount of springback,the(equivalent) elastic strains and the equivalent Cauchystresses are expressed.The relation among bent angle and springback angle,R/t ratio(the ratio of the radius of tool to sheet thickness)and springback angle are presented.The predicted value of the springback in the FEA simulation agrees closely with the results of the experiment.The comparison results show that the FEA simulation is a powerful tool for the prediction of springback behavior in sheet metal bending.It can provide a reasonablebasis for practical manufacture process.