无线传感器网络技术的研究进展及其在地铁隧道中的应用挑战

 土木工程基础设施建成后，随着使用年限增加，结构的老化问题日益凸显，结构健康监测系统被广泛采用来监测结构性能，评估结构的安全性和耐久性。城市地铁隧道结构，隐蔽于地下，受到地下水侵蚀和列车振动荷载的双重影响，健康监测工作更加重要也更加不易进行，利用无线传感器网络(WSN)进行地铁隧道结构健康监测是一个可行的解决方案。无线传感器网络与传统有线监测方式相比，在成本、尺寸、部署的灵活性、分布智能等方面都具有明显优势。同时，无线传感器网络作为一种新兴技术，在地铁隧道监测中的应用也存在一些限制，例如，隧道内的信号衰减，节点布置，时间同步，电量限制等。文中介绍无线传感器网络技术的研究进展及其在土木工程基础设施监测中的应用研究实例，分析和总结无线传感器网络在地铁隧道监测中面临的挑战，对下一步的研究方向进行展望。

DEVELOPMENT OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK TECHNOLOGY AND ITS CHALLENGES IN SUBWAY TUNNEL ENGINEERING

The structures will deteriorate with the extension of service life after the completion of civil engineering infrastructures. Structural health monitoring systems are widely adopted to monitor the behavior of structures and evaluate the safety and durability of structures. The monitoring of urban subway tunnel structures is significant and difficult due to combined effects of ground water erosion and train vibration loads，wireless sensor network(WSN) technology provide a promising method to monitor subway tunnel structures. Wireless sensor network provide advantages in cost，size，flexibility and distributed intelligence，compared to traditional wired monitoring method. However，as a emerging technology，there are some limitations for the application of WSN in subway tunnel monitoring，such as signal attenuation inside tunnel，node deployment，time synchronization，limitation of battery. The state of the art in wireless sensor network technology is reviewed，recent research and application activities on monitoring of civil infrastructures are briefly introduced. Challenges of the application of WSN in subway tunnel are analyzed and summarized，and the future research directions are discussed.