The localisation of TPPS4 in some organs and its possible nephrotoxicity in rats

Endogenous opioids have been implicated in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. In this study, we evaluated effects of single and repeated imipramine administration on proenkephalin and prodynorphin gene expression in the rat nucleus accumbens and striatum. In situ hybridization study showed that single imipramine injection (10 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased the level of proenkephalin (by ca. 20%) and prodynorphin (by ca. 25%) mRNA to the same extent in both structures. Repeated imipramine administration (10 mg/kg i.p. twice daily for 10 days) had no effect on proenkephalin mRNA level, whereas the prodynorphin gene expression was regulated differently. At 3 h after the last dose of imipramine the prodynorphin mRNA level was decreased (by ca. 25%) in the striatum, but not in the nucleus accumbens, whereas at 24 h an up-regulation (by ca. 27%) of prodynorphin mRNA level could be observed in the nucleus accumbens only. In the light of involvement of opioids in mood regulation, these adaptive changes may participate in neurochemical mechanisms of antidepressant therapy.