城市雨水利用措施的灾害防御作用

阐述城市降雨灾害及减灾的必要性,指出:城市降雨灾害包括直接的雨涝灾害,以及水土流失、径流污染、地面塌陷等次生及衍生灾害;灾害发生的原因主要包括自然和人为2个方面,其中以城市化快速发展、排水设计存在弊端等人为因素为主;雨水利用措施可以起到减轻城市降雨灾害的直接、间接危害,减少干旱缺水灾害的作用。针对目前雨水利用的3种基本形式——渗透、调控排放和收集回用,分析了其在灾害防御的不同方面所发挥的作用。认为将雨水利用基本措施进行有机组合可以发挥综合的灾害防御作用,抵御重现期较长的大暴雨。

Disaster prevention role of urban rainwater utilization

The urban precipitation disaster and the necessity of disaster mitigation were discussed.The urban precipitation disaster included direct surface waterlogging disaster and secondary disasters such as soil and water losses,runoff pollution and land subsidence.The relevant causes mainly included natural and artificial aspects,with the artificial factors of fast development of urbanization and defect in drainage design being dominated.The rainwater utilization might reduce direct and indirect hazards due to urban precipitation and impact of drought and water shortage disasters.The main existing modes for the rainwater utilization were introduced,that is,seepage,regulative release and gathering and recycling,and they played a great role in the disaster prevention.It was put forward that the combination of various modes of rainwater utilization might give their fully play so as to prevent rainstorms with long return period.