三峡水库中小洪水分级调度规则研究

近年来随着上游来水减少、控制性水库陆续建成运行,以及防洪、发电、航运等方面需求日益提高,新情况下三峡水库若继续按照初步设计的防洪调度方式调度将不能很好满足新的需求,并造成大量洪水资源浪费。本文在分析三峡一些特殊水位和下泄流量的基础上,对中小洪水提出了一种结合库水位与入库流量大小进行分级调度的规则,并拟定多种方案模拟演算。结果表明:该调度规则可在不降低三峡设计防洪标准的前提下,更加合理的消峰拦蓄减轻下游防洪压力,增加通航时间,并有效利用洪水资源,较初步设计方式增加汛期多年平均发电量8%以上,充分发挥三峡水库汛期的综合利用效益。

Study on hierarchical rules of Three Gorges reservoir for regulating small and medium floods

In recent years, the upstream inflow of Three Gorges reservoir (TGR) is decreasing and in the upper reaches controlling reservoirs are being built up and running successively. Meanwhile, the requirements of flood control, power generation, navigation, etc. on TGR are enhanced increasingly. In these new circumstances, the reservoir's original design operation mode cannot satisfy the latest demands very well and may cause a great amount of flood resources to be wasted. This paper describes new hierarchical operation rules and multiple schemes for TGR to regulate water level according its inflow of small and medium floods through analysis on the historical record of its special water levels and outflows. Results indicate that without lowering the design flood control standard, these new rules can significantly improve the regulation in flood season and the comprehensive utilization benefits, in alleviating the pressure in lower reaches via more reasonable flood interception, extending navigation period, and utilizing flood resources more effectively. Compared with the original operation, the annual average power output during flood season is increased by 8%.