我国深井钻井技术发展的难点及对策

分析了目前我国深井钻井技术面临的主要难点:井段内存在多套压力体系,喷漏共存;钻遇地层复杂,井壁稳定性差,井漏、井涌、井塌、缩径、卡钻等井下复杂情况频发;机械钻速低,钻井周期长,钻具易损坏;在地层倾角大的地区直井防斜难度大;深井井下温度高、压力大,钻井液、井下工具和测量仪器性能要求高;固井施工难度大。展望了深井钻井技术的发展趋势,并结合国内外钻井技术发展的最新进展,提出了加快我国深井钻井技术发展的对策:应用套管钻井技术、膨胀管技术,改善井身结构提高整体钻井速度;提高钻压、转数,增加钻头的切削能力和寿命,提高深部井段机械钻速;最大限度地扩大气体钻井的使用范围;增强地层承压能力,实现井壁稳定;降低固井施工难度,提高封固质量;提高工程事故的预防与快速处理能力。

Difficulty and Countermeasures for the Advance of the Deep Well Drilling Technology in China

The main difficulties of the deep well drilling technology in China in recent years are analyzed.There are multiple sets of pressure system in the intervals,with blowout and lost circulation coexisting.Drilled formations are complex with unstable wall.Lost circulation,well kick,borehole collapse,diameter shrinkage,sticking and other complex situations often occur.Drilling rig is easy to be destroyed at low rate of penetration with long drilling circle.At the area with large stratigraphic dip,the straight hole is easy to turn slant.The performance of the drilling fluid,downhole tool and measuring equipment should be good enough at high temperature and high pressure in bottom hole of the deep wells.Well cementation is difficult.The trend of the future technology is put forward.Based on the latest advances of the drilling technology ,the countermeasures of the development on the deep well drilling technology in China are given：casing drilling technology and bulged tube technology will be applied in bore frame improving and drilling speed enhancing ;more drilling pressure and revolution will make cutting capacity better and bring longer life of the bit,and the rate of penetration should be quicker in the deep intervals;the application range of gas drilling should be enlarged at the largest scale;bearing capacity of the formations should be strengthened for stable wall;well cementation should be easier and the quality of it should be improved;the capacity of engineering accident prevention and quicker treatment should be strengthened.