不同种类有机肥对植烟土壤微生物功能多样性的影响

为探究不同种类有机肥对植烟土壤微生物多样性的影响，通过长期定位试验研究了施用商品有机肥、农家肥（牛粪）和绿肥（光叶紫花苕子）对土壤微生物功能多样性和肥力的影响。结果表明，从烟株团棵期到采收后，微生物碳源利用能力呈现先升高后降低的趋势。与单施化肥相比，商品有机肥和农家肥处理烤烟团棵期的土壤微生物AWCD值分别提高了22.0%和31.0%，Mclntosh多样性指数显著提高了15.2%和18.0%。旺长期商品有机肥处理AWCD值和多样性指数均显著高于其他处理。有机肥处理的土壤活性有机碳和微生物量碳含量相比于单施化肥分别显著提高了19.9%~37.4%和11.9%~21.0%，以农家肥最为显著。有机肥均在一定程度上增加了土壤pH、土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量，其中以商品有机肥效果较为显著。相关性分析表明，土壤pH、速效钾与微生物功能多样性显著正相关。综合来看，以化肥配施商品有机肥效果最好。

Effects of Different Organic Manures on Microbial Functional Diversity in Tobacco-planting Soils

In order to explore the effects of different organic manures on microbial diversity in tobacco growing soil, a long-term stationary field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different organic manures on the functional diversity and soil fertility of tobacco-planting yellow-brown soil, in which the fertilization treatments included chemical fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer with commercial organic manure (CFM1), chemical fertilizer with farm manure (cow manure, CFM2) and chemical fertilizer with green manure (Viciavillosa Rothvar, CFM3). The results showed that the microorganisms' carbon utilization ability at prosperously growing stage was higher than that of resettling, maturing and harvested stages. Compared with CK, the average well color development (AWCD) of the CFM1 and CFM2 treatments significantly increased by 22.0% and 31.0%, respectively. The Mclntosh diversity index increased 15.2% and 18.0% at resettling stage. AWCD and functional diversity indices of CFM1 at prosperously growing stage were significantly higher than others. Organic manures application led to an increase of 19.9%-37.4% of labile organic carbon and an increase of 11.9%-21.0% of microbial biomass carbon comparing to CK. The 8-years organic manure application improved soil pH, organic matter, alkaline nitrogen and available potassium in some extent. However, CFM1 showed the highest pH value comparing to CFM2 and CFM3. The pH value and available potassium were significantly positively correlated with microbial functional diversity. In conclusion, the chemical fertilizer applied with commercial organic manure could have better promoting effects on microbial metabolic activity and soil fertility.