带茎采收上部烟叶烘烤过程中呼吸强度和能量代谢研究

为提高上部烟叶质量和可用性，明确带茎采收上部烟叶在烘烤过程中的呼吸强度和能量代谢变化情况，以云烟87为试验材料，研究了带茎采收和逐叶采收两种方式烟叶烘烤过程中含水率、呼吸强度、呼吸作用关键酶（CCO、SDH）活性、能量相关物质（AMP、ADP、ATP）含量及能荷的动态变化。结果表明，与逐叶采收相比，带茎采收烟叶烘烤过程中整叶含水率、叶片含水率、叶脉含水率均较高，其中叶片含水率在42 ℃末高25.90%，叶脉含水率在50 ℃末高14.99%；带茎采收烟叶的呼吸强度在消失前（50 ℃）始终高于逐叶采收处理，其中在38 ℃末高出17.80%；CCO与SDH两种呼吸关键酶活性总体较高，在42 ℃末分别高出逐叶采收处理45.57%和23.78%；ATP含量、能荷水平总体高于逐叶采收，其中ATP含量在46 ℃末高43.01%，能荷在42 ℃末高0.13。综上，带茎采收处理烟叶烘烤过程中能够保持较高的烟叶含水率、呼吸强度与能量供应状态，可为烟叶烘烤过程中物质转化和品质提升提供充足水分与能量供应。

Study on Respiration Intensity and Energy Metabolism of Upper Tobacco Leaves Harvested with Stems during Flue-curing

In order to find out the respiratory intensity and energy metabolism of upper tobacco leaves harvested with stalks during the curing process, the moisture content, respiratory intensity, the activity of key enzymes (CCO, SDH), the content of energy related substances (AMP, ADP, ATP) and the dynamic change of energy charge were studied with Yunyan 87 as the test material and leaves harvested without stalks as control. The results showed that, compared with leaves harvested without stalks, the whole leaf moisture content, leaf moisture content and leaf vein moisture content of tobacco leaves harvested with stems were higher during curing. The leaf moisture content was 25.90% higher at the end of 42 ℃, and the leaf vein moisture content was 14.99% higher at the end of 50 ℃. The respiration intensity of leaves harvested with stalks was always higher and it was 17.80% higher at the end of 38 ℃. The high activity time of CCO and SDH was longer, which was 45.57% and 23.78% higher than that of leaves harvested without stalks at the end of 42 ℃. The ATP content and energy charge level were generally higher than those of leaves harvested without stalks. The ATP content was 43.01% higher at 46 ℃, and the energy charge was 0.13 at 42 ℃. To sum up, the leaves with stalks treatment can maintain a high moisture content, respiratory intensity and energy supply status of tobacco leaves during the curing process, providing sufficient water and energy supply for the material transformation and quality improvement of tobacco leaves during the curing process.