雪茄烟田微生物群落和土壤理化性状与青枯病发生的关系

为明确影响雪茄烟青枯病发生的关键微生物和土壤因素，采用扩增子测序法，研究了青枯病发病与未发病根际土壤细菌和真菌群落结构组成、土壤理化性状及相互间的关系。结果表明，相对于未发病根际土壤，发病土壤有提高微生物多样性和复杂程度的趋势，增加了假单胞菌（Pseudomonas)、肠杆菌（Enterobacter）、弹球菌（Sphaerobolus）、毛枝菌（Trichocladium）、镰刀菌（Fusarium）等的相对丰度，降低了朱氏杆菌（Chujaibacter）、寡养单胞菌（Stenotrophomonas）、罗河杆菌（Rhodanobacter）、被孢霉菌（Mortierella）、毛壳菌（Chaetomium）等的相对丰度。病情指数与土壤含水量（SAWC）、毛管孔隙度（SCM）、有效磷（AP）显著正相关；与土壤通气孔隙度（SAP）、p H、交换性钙（ECa）显著负相关。典型相关、主成分及最小数据集分析表明土壤SCM、AP和劳尔氏菌（Ralstonia）、Chujaibacter相对丰度是雪茄烟青枯病发病的关键土壤及微生物因子。

Relationship between Microbial Community,Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Occurrence of Bacterial Wilt in Cigar Field

In order to clarify the key microbial and soil factors of cigar bacterial wilt, amplicon sequencing was used in analyzing the rhizosphere soil microbial structural composition, soil physical and chemical properties, and their relationship with non-infected and infected soils. The results showed that the microbial diversity and complexity of rhizosphere soil were higher in soils infected by bacterial wilt compared with non-infected. The rhizosphere soil infected by bacterial wilt had increased relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Sphaerobolus, Trichoclaudium, Fusarium, and decreased relative abundance of Chujaibacter, Stenotrophomonas, Rhodanobacter, Mortierella, Chaetomium. The disease index of bacterial wilt was positively correlated with soil water content, capillary porosity and available phosphorus, and significantly negatively correlated with soil aeration porosity, pH and exchangeable calcium. Canonical correlation, principal component and minimum data set analysis indicated that soil capillary porosity, available phosphorus and the relative abundance of Ralstonia, Chujaibacter were the key soil and microbial factors of cigar bacterial wilt. It provides a reference for the effective control of cigar bacterial wilt.