黑龙江苹果亚科植物叶表皮形态结构的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对黑龙江苹果亚科14种植物叶表皮微形态进行比较研究。结果显示:(1)叶表皮细胞呈多边形或无规则形,垂周壁式样呈平直或弓形、浅波纹、深波纹;(2)除无毛花楸无表皮毛外,其它均具有表皮毛,类型均为单细胞不分支非腺毛;(3)叶表皮纹饰呈均匀分布蜡质纹饰和仅气孔周围有蜡质条纹;(4)气孔器均在下表皮分布,且气孔器类型为轮列型、无规则型或不典型辐射型;气孔外拱盖为单层或双层,内缘近平滑或不规则波状;保卫细胞两极仅在水榆花楸、毛山楂、黑果栒子和全缘栒子中出现"T"型加厚。研究表明,该亚科下5属间的叶表皮微形态特征存在一定差异,属内种间在气孔器、表皮毛以及表皮纹饰特征上存在一致性,为属间的系统分类和演化提供了形态结构的依据。

Morphology structure of leaf epidermis of Maloideae in Heilongjiang

A study on morphology structure of leaf epidermis of the forteen kinds of Maloideae in Heilongjiang were conducted by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results are as following：（1） The epidermal cells are polygonal or irregular-shaped; the anticlinal wall is the straight or arched, or the sinuolate, or the sinuate. （ 2 ） Most of the species have the trichomes except S. pohuashanensis var. amurensis, and the types are mostly the Unicellular unbranched and nonglandular hair. （ 3 ） The leaf epidermis present evenly distributed ceraceous emblazonry or ceraceous stripes around the stomata only. （4） Stomatal apparatus are located in lower epidermis, and the type of them are cyclocytic, anomocytic, non-typical actinocytic;the outer stomatal rim present uni-layered or double-layered, nearly smooth or irregular-undulate inner margin of outer stomatal ledge;the polar region of guard cells present “T”-pieces in the S. alnifolia, C. maximowiczii, C. integerrimus, C. melanocarpus. Researches show that in the leaf micromorphology of five genuses exist some differences, the species of each genus are always consistent at the characteristic of stomatal apparatus,trichomes and epidermal emblazonry,these can provide the basis of morphological structure for classification and evolution of intergeneric system.