Sustainability of fossil fuels and alternative energies for Turkey |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Administrative Studies, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada;2. KFUPM Business School, KFUPM, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia;3. Pan African University Institute of Water and Energy Sciences (incl. Climate Change), PAUWES, B.P. 119, Pole Chetouane, Tlemcen, 1300, Algeria;1. Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Food Packaging Technology,Weihenstephaner Steig 22, Freising 85354, Germany;2. Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str.35, Freising 85354, Germany;3. Energy Efficiency Group, Institute for Environmental Sciences and Forel Institute, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-vogt 66, Geneva, Switzerland;1. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 9, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany;2. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 25, Light Industrial Area, Mikocheni B, P.O.Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;1. The Energy and Environment Research Group (TEERG), Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria |
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| Abstract: | Reserves and production of fossil fuels in Turkey are discussed, as well as projections of production rates to the year 2010. Sustainability of fossil-fuel production has been estimated on the basis of presently known data. Fossil fuels will have a very limited lifetime. Bitumens, hydropower, geothermal energy, solar energy, wind power, biomass, and nuclear energy are appropriate alternative technologies. The potentials of these alternatives are given and recommendations are made to enhance their contributions. |
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