低轨卫星与5G-R融合网络架构设计

由于地面网络覆盖不均匀，信号质量不够稳定，无法实现铁路交通网络的全程、快速、实时监测，阻碍了我国铁路交通网络的快速发展。同时，低轨卫星通信与地面5G的融合成为热点，二者的融合能够使卫星网络作为地面网络的有效补充。当前星地融合较少用于5G-R技术场景中。本文梳理了铁路卫星通信以及星地融合网络的研究现状与发展趋势；分析了铁路通信系统中各业务的通信需求。在此基础上，提出低轨卫星与5G-R融合网络架构。在弥补铁路通信网络覆盖盲区的同时，提供大容量的信息回传，有效保障铁路交通的安全运行，实现铁路交通的信息化、智能化管理。

Design of Low Earth Orbit satellite and 5G-R fusion network architecture

Due to uneven ground network coverage and unstable signal quality, it is impossible to achieve full, fast, and real-time monitoring of the railway transportation network, which hinders the rapid development of China''s railway transportation network. At the same time, the integration of Low Earth Orbit(LEO) satellite communication and ground 5G has become a hot topic, and the fusion of the two can make satellite networks an effective supplement to ground networks. The current application of satellite ground fusion in 5G-Railway(5G-R) technology scenarios is relatively limited. This article first reviews the current research status and the development trends of railway satellite communication and satellite ground fusion networks, points out development trends, and then analyzes the communication needs of various businesses in railway communication systems. Based on this, a network architecture that integrates low orbit satellites with 5G-R networks is proposed, which not only fills the blind spots in railway communication network coverage, but also provides high-capacity information feedback. It can effectively ensure the safe operation of railway transportation and achieve information and intelligent management of railway transportation.