超重力强化分离铜渣中铜的数值模拟及辅助工业设计

由于当前铜冶炼工艺产生的铜渣铜含量比较高，采用传统的电炉贫化技术分离铜液滴时间长、回收率低，因此引入超重力技术对贫化过程进行改善。采用数值模拟的方法，以卧式离心机为模型基础，选用转炉铜渣作为试验对象进行研究，借助COMSOL Multiphysics软件构建模型，模拟铜渣中铜液滴的沉降过程。根据计算结果分析重力系数（G）、温度（T）对不同粒径铜液滴沉降行为的影响。结果表明，在T=1 300 ℃、G=1的条件下，粒径低于80 μm的铜液滴无法自由沉降；在恒定温度下，重力系数以及铜液滴粒径的增加均有利于铜液滴在铜渣中的沉降；温度升高会降低铜渣和铜的黏度，促进二者分离。最后，根据铜液滴的沉降数据，对离心机半径、给料速度等工业参数提出优化建议，以提升铜的回收率，降低企业生产成本。

Numerical Simulation of Separating Copper from Copper Slag Strengthened by High Gravity and Corresponding Auxiliary Industrial Design

Since the copper slag produced by the current copper smelting process has a relatively high copper content, the traditional electric furnace depletion technology takes a long time to separate copper droplets and has a low recovery rate. Therefore, the super gravity technology was introduced to improve the depletion process. The numerical simulation method was adopted, based on the horizontal centrifuge model, and converter copper slag was selected as the experimental object for research. A model was constructed with COMSOL Multiphysics software to simulate the settling process of copper droplets in copper slag. Based on the calculation results, the effects of gravity coefficient (G) and temperature (T) on the settling behavior of copper droplets with different particle sizes were analyzed. The results show that under the conditions of T=1 300 ℃ and G=1, copper droplets with a particle size below 80 μm cannot settle freely; At constant temperature, the increase in gravity coefficient and copper droplet size is beneficial to the settlement of copper droplets in copper slag; Rising temperature will reduce the viscosity of copper slag and copper, and promote the separation of the two. Finally, based on the settlement data of copper droplets, the optimization suggestions for industrial parameters such as centrifuge radius and feeding speed were put forward to improve copper recovery rate and reduce the production costs of enterprise.