Upgrade of refractory lining of teeming ladles

A gradual upgrade of refractory lining of 160-ton teeming ladles, the disadvantages of the previous lining schemes, and methods for their elimination are described. The implementation of developed techniques has increased the resistance of teeming ladle lining by 60% (from 50 to 80 heats) and the consumption of refractory in the working layer of lining has decreased by 35.7% (from 4.79 to 3.08 kg/t of steel. __________ Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 18–19, July, 2007.