生物多样性水平对心理健康与福祉的影响系统性综述

气候变化和生物多样性快速丧失对人类生存和发展构成重大威胁。生物多样性是适应环境变化的基础，也与人类健康密不可分。迄今生物多样性水平与心理健康和福祉的因果机制仍是研究缺口。系统性综述总结了生物多样性水平对心理健康与福祉影响的研究方法、研究结果和影响机制。使用横断面分析的文献初步揭示了生物多样性水平和心理健康与福祉存在相关关系，后续文献使用实验法对因果途径进行了检验。总体上，以植物、鸟类为指示物种的研究表明，高生物多样性水平对人类心理健康与福祉具有促进作用，但也有少量研究显示相反结果。由于现有实证研究数量较少且研究对象高度异质，因此其影响机制尚不明确。未来可关注时间序列变化，验证影响结果是否存在持续性与滞后性；关注二者在全球性、多尺度、多人群中的变化规律，确定调节因素；基于更加稳健的实验设计确定因果途径。

Systematic Review on the Effect of Levels ofBiodiversity on Psychological Health and Wellbeing

Climate change and the rapid loss of biodiversity pose athreat to human survival and development. Biodiversity is not only thefoundation of adaptation to environmental changes, but also closelylinked to human health. To date, the causal path between the level ofbiodiversity and mental health and well-being remains a research gap.The systematic review summarized research methods, results andmechanism. The research by cross-sectional analysis preliminarilydemonstrated the correlation between the biodiversity level andmental health and well-being. Subsequent studies by experimentalmethod tested causality. Overall, the studies using plant and bird asindicator species indicated the promotion effect of higher biodiversitylevels on mental health and well-being, although a few studies foundthe opposite results. Given the limited number of existing empiricalstudies and the high heterogeneity of research objects, the mechanismis still unclear. Future research can focus on the changes of timeseries to verify the persistency or lagging effect of the outcomes; payattention to global scope, multi-scale and multi population research,and determine the mediators; and apply more robust experimentaldesign to untangle the causal pathway and mechanism.