4种阴离子表面活性剂易漂洗性能的比较研究

采用实验室建立的同时测定模拟漂洗硬水条件下泡沫衰减性和织物上表面活性剂的初始/残留吸附量的方法,对家居织物洗涤剂中常用的4种典型的阴离子表面活性剂的易漂洗性能进行了比较研究,并考察了易漂洗性能与表面活性剂的钙离子稳定性之间的关系。实验结果表明,表面活性剂的钙离子稳定性与硬水漂洗液的泡沫性正相关,而与表面活性剂在织物上的初始/残留吸附量负相关。具有适中钙离子稳定性的改性羧酸盐(N-月桂酰基肌氨酸钠)具有最佳易漂洗性,磺酸盐(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)次之,而钙离子稳定性极低的皂类(月桂酸钠)或钙离子稳定性极高的阴-非离子型硫酸酯盐(十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠)均不属于易漂洗表面活性剂。这一研究结果对易漂洗阴离子表面活性剂的分子结构设计以及节水型洗涤剂的研发具有理论指导意义和应用价值。

A comparative study on rinsability for four anionic surfactants

A comparative study on the rinsability of surfactants was performed among four anionic surfactants which are commonly used in household laundry detergents. A comprehensive evaluation method was applied which was based on the foam decay in the rinse liquor and the initial/residual adsorption amount on the cloth during the model rinse process. The relationship between the rinsability of surfactant and its calcium ion stability was further investigated. The experimental results show that the calcium ion stabilities of surfactants have positive correlations with the foaming abilities of the model rinse liquor but negative correlations with the initial/residual adsorption amounts of surfactants on cloths. Therefore, the modified carboxylate surfactant (sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate) with moderate calcium ion stability shows the best ability of easy rinsing, and the sulfonate surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) is a little worse than it, but neither of the soap (sodium laurate) and the nonionic-anionic hybrid sulfate (sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate) are easy-rinse surfactants, whose calcium ion stabilities are low and high, respectively. These results have theoretical significance for molecular design of easy-rinse anionic surfactants and practical value for research and development of water-saving detergents.