供热分户计量热费分摊模型研究

多层住宅实行分户计量、按热收费是解决我国供热行业热费收缴困难及节约建筑使用能耗的主要方法之一，公正、合理地收缴热费是实施供热分户计量的关键所在。以多层民用住宅建筑为研究对象，通过热负荷计算理论分析各围护结构耗热量的构成及相互关系，建立供热分户计量热费分摊模型，将多层住宅建筑的顶层、底层及有山墙的用户（边角用户）多消耗的热费合理地分摊给标准用户（中间层用户）实现进行分户热计量后公平收费。通过对试验建筑实测数据进行热费分摊，表明热费分摊模型能够客观、合理分摊热费。

Heat Charges Sharing Model of Household Heat-metering

The application of household heat-metering and charging by heat to multi-story residen- tial buildings is one of the solutions to diffculties in charging heating fees and reducing building energy consumption. Reasonably charging heating fees is the main purpose of household heat-metering. The paper uses multi-story residential buildings as research subjects, analyzes heat consumption＇s components of building envelope and their interaction by the calculating theory of thermal load, and establishes the heat charges sharing model of household heat-metering in order to properly allot extra heat charges consumed by the residents living in top and bottom stories as well as having gables （corner residents） to standard res- idents （middle-story residents） and fairly charge. It is proved that the heat charges sharing model can ob- jectively and reasonably allot heat charges by the real data from the measured multi-story residential b uildings.