单原子催化剂在氢燃料电池阴极氧还原反应中的研究进展

氢燃料电池是一种高效、环境友好以及零碳排放的能量转化技术,然而高成本的贵金属催化剂阻碍了其规模化应用。单原子催化剂因具有高原子利用率、高催化活性和选择性、低成本等优点,对氧分子表现出优异的催化还原性能,在氢燃料电池中具有广阔的应用前景。如何设计合成高效和低成本的单原子催化剂成为该领域的研究热点。重点综述贵金属单原子催化剂和非贵金属单原子催化剂在氢燃料电池阴极氧还原反应中的研究进展,总结提出增强单原子催化剂氧还原性能的调控策略,包括配位结构、局域环境、双原子对、缺陷位点以及暴露活性位点等调控机制,为从原子尺度设计高效氧还原催化剂提供了思路借鉴,并对氢燃料电池氧还原单原子催化剂的发展机遇与挑战进行了展望。

PROGRESS OF SINGLE ATOM CATALYSTS IN CATHODIC OXYGEN REDUCTION FOR REACTION HYDROGEN FUEL CELL

Hydrogen fuel cell is an energy conversion technology with high efficiency, environmental friendliness and zero carbon emission. However, the high cost of noble metal catalysts hinders its large-scale application. Benefitting from the advantages of high atomic utilization, high catalytic activity and low cost, single atom catalysts show excellent catalytic reduction performance for oxygen molecules, and have broad application prospects in hydrogen fuel cells. Therefore, how to design and synthesize single atom catalysts with high activity, high stability and low cost has become a research hotspot in this field. This paper focuses on the research progress of single atom catalysts including noble metal and non-noble metal in cathodic oxygen reduction reaction for hydrogen fuel cell, and puts forward the regulation strategies to enhance the performance of single atom catalysts, encompassing coordination structure, local environment, dual atom pairs, defective sites and exposure of active sites, which provides ideas and reference for the design of high-efficiency oxygen reduction catalysts at atomic scale. The development opportunities and challenges of single atom catalysts for oxygen reduction in hydrogen fuel cells are prospected.