基于有机朗肯循环系统的分布式多能源交易机制

分布式可再生能源发电的发展可使传统电力用户也可以成为电力提供方， 即所谓的电力产消者(Prosumer)。电力产消者可通过电力交易获利。除电力外，天然气和热能也是需求侧广泛采用的能源形式。随着能源转换技术的快速发展和商业化，如有机朗肯循环（organic Rankine cycle，ORC）、电转气技术以及多种能源形式间的转换和分布式交易成为提高终端用能效率和社会效益的可行途径。在此背景下，文章研究产消者通过ORC系统进行分布式多能源交易的机制。首先，给出一种包含ORC系统的能源中心架构，建立ORC系统的稳态数学模型。然后，介绍传统的集中式交易模型，并根据在交易过程中是否包含可信赖的第三方机构，提出两种可行的分布式交易机制。基于所提出的分布式交易机制构建了交易优化模型，并采用交替方向乘子法 (alternating direction method of multipliers， ADMM) 进行分布式优化。最后，采用IEEE 123节点配电系统对所提出的分布式交易机制进行说明，分析通过ORC系统进行多能源转换和交易的经济效益及技术要求，并对两种分布式交易机制进行比较。

An Organic Rankine Cycle Based Decentralized Transaction Mechanism for Multiple Kinds of Energy

The development of distributed renewable energy generation could make an electricity user act as an electric power provider as well， i.e. the so-called prosumer. A prosumer can benefit through energy trading. Apart from electricity， natural gas and heat are also widely used as major energy resources in the demand side. With the fast development and commercialization of energy conversion technologies， e.g.， the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and power-to-gas， energy conversion among multiple kinds of energy and decentralized transaction become feasible solutions for improving energy consumption efficiency and promoting social welfare. Given this background， a decentralized transaction mechanism for multiple kinds of energy at the demand side is presented by employing an ORC system. An energy hub framework with an ORC system embedded is firstly presented， and the steady-state mathematical model of the ORC system is developed. The conventional centralized transaction model is then briefly described， and two kinds of decentralized trading mechanisms are presented with respect to the cases with and without a trusted third party involved in the trading process. Trading optimization models are presented on the basis of the developed decentralized trading mechanisms， and the well-established optimization method namely alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is employed to solve the optimization models. Finally， the IEEE 123-node distribution system is employed to demonstrate the presented decentralized trading mechanisms， the economic benefits and technical requirements of energy conversion among multiple kinds of energy through the ORC system are investigated， and comparisons between two decentralized trading mechanisms are carried out.